A phase diagram is a graphical way to depict the effects of pressure and temperature on the phase of a substance. Explain why the boiling point of a liquid varies substantially with pressure, whereas the melting point of a solid depends little on pressure. D epa rtment of che mistry u niversity of t exa s at. Sam chapter 62028 section 2a pressure enthalpy charts and their use by. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Vapor pressure and boiling point the vapor pressure of a liquid is related to its heat of vaporization, h vap, through the clausiusclapeyron equation. Water has the highest value of latent heat of evaporation of all substances true, false true 4. The relationships between these pressure units are. The practice questions on the quiz will test your understanding of the diagrams themselves, what one. What is the temperature and pressure of the triple point. These molecules escape from the liquid phase and form a gas above the. The curves indicate the conditions of temperature and pressure under which equilibrium between different phases of a substance can exist.
According to the phase diagram given for compound y, what description is correct. Describe, at the molecular level, the difference between a gas, liquid, and solid phase. For each of the following compounds, determine the main intermolecular force. The phase diagram of zirconia illustrates the concept of changing a materials composition to produce desired behaviors at particular temperaturepressure conditions. D epa rtment of che mistry u niversity of t exa s at a ustin further questions using the phase diagram above, answer the following questions. When the valve is opened, some of the propane evaporates into the gas phase. Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the gasphase. A pascal is a very small amount of pressure, so the kilopascal, kpa, is more commonly used. When water vapor collects above the liquid in a closed container, the pressure caused by the. Dec 12, 2016 an unknown liquid has a vapor pressure of 0. At the surface some molecules of a liquid have enough kinetic energy to break their attractive forces with neighboring molecules. Solid phase, liquid phase, gas phase, triple point, critical point. What does the line separating the liquid phase from the vapor phase represent.
Vapor pressure diagrams and boiling diagrams we are now ready to begin talking about phase diagrams involving two. Where to download chapter states of matter worksheet chapter states of matter worksheet. Phase diagram worksheet 1 2 normal melting point 7. A phase diagram is graph showing the conditions of temperature and pressure under which a. Vapor pressure explaining vapor pressure on the molecular level molecules can escape from the surface of a liquid into the gas phase by vaporization or evaporation. Choose your answers to the questions and click next to see the next set of questions. The curve bc in figure 2 is the plot of vapor pressure versus temperature as described in the previous module of this chapter. Intermolecular forces imfs influence various properties of liquids. Matter in one state is converted into another state.
Phase diagram worksheet answers refer to the phase diagram below when answering the questions on this worksheet. There are welldefined regions on these graphs that correspond to various phases of matter, so pt graphs are called phase diagrams. Students can download and print out these lecture slide images to do practice problems as well as take notes while watching the lecture. View homework help vapor pressure worksheet from chm 123 at california polytechnic state university, pomona.
Vaporization is the phase change in which a substance changes from an into an. The line that connects points a and c is the vapor pressure curve of the solid phase. In each of the colored regions on the phase diagram, water is in a single phase. The solid line from tol vp to bz vp is the total vapor pressure of the solution which is just the sum of the two raoults law vapor pressures the sum of two straight lines is a straight line.
The vapor pressure of a substance is defined as the pressure exerted by the vapor phase of a substance which is in equilibrium with the solid or liquid phases of that substance in a closed system. Chapter 9 chapter 10 chapter 11 chapter 12 chapter chapter 14. Define critical pressure, critical temperature, vapor pressure, normal boiling point, normal melting point. Chapter states of matter tamalpais union high school. If p 1 1 atm, then t 1 is the normal boiling point, and we can determine the vapor pressure at any other temperature ln p2 p1 vap h r 1 t2 1 t1 vapor pressure and boiling point. Introduction to materials science, chapter 9, phase diagrams. Denver is located exactly one mile above sea level, which means the normal atmospheric pressure is less than 1 atm.
Jun 20, 2016 phase diagrams can also be prepared for mixtures of different substances, depending on the purpose for which they are needed. Other units used to describe gas pressure are the atmosphere atm, torr, millimeter of mercury mmhg, and bar. What does the line separating the solid phase from the vapor phase represent. This increased evaporation rate increases the concentration of molecules in the vapor phase, which increases the equilibrium vapor pressure. For each pair of substance identify the substance that is likely to have the higher vapor pressure. In contrast to the phase diagram of water, the phase diagram of co 2 figure \\pageindex3\ has a more typical melting curve, sloping up and to the right. You may find it useful to draw lewis structures for some of these molecules. The energy absorbed by one gram of water as it changes from its liquid phase into water vapor is known as the for water. Welcome lah advanced chemistry spring 2020 lah regents physics spring 2020. Where on a phase diagram can you locate conditions under which only one phase exists. Vapor pressure, boiling point, phase diagrams lecture slides are screencaptured images of important points in the lecture.
It features a 1hour lecture video, and also presents the prerequisites, learning objectives, reading assignment, lecture slides, homework with solutions, and resources for further study. Other units used to describe gas pressure are the atmosphere atm, torr, millimeter of mercury mmhg, and. Vapor pressure of four liquids three reference diagrams as a single. Describes the effect of atmospheric pressure on boiling point, intermolecular forces, vapor pressure, and vapor pressure curve. Heat is the energy flow between objects of different temperature. Phase diagrams can also be prepared for mixtures of different substances, depending on the purpose for which they are needed.
Unit 7 states of matter and the behavior of gases unit goals as you work through this unit, you should be able to. Deposition is the phase change as a substance changes from a gas to a solid without passing through the. In the picture to the right, which liquid has the weaker. Phase diagrams tell us which phase will exist at a given temperature and pressure.
Does pressure in phase diagram refer to vapor pressure. Propane c 3 h 8 is stored in tanks at pressures above 2. Chapter 12 intermolecular first page of chapter forces and. If temperature stays constant, the pressure of a vapor in a closed container will become constant. Use the phase diagram for water to answer the following questions. A phase diagram is a graphical way to depict the effects of pressure and. To answer the following questions, refer to the phase diagram shown in figure. Unary phase diagrams solid solutions introduction to.
The conditions of pressure and temperature at which two phases exist in equilibrium are indicated on a phase diagram by a line separating the phases. Bisumth and sulfur phase diagrams phase diagrams from hell have many regions. Explain gas behavior using the kinetic molecular theory. It ends at the critical point, beyond which the substance exists as a supercritical fluid. The molecular viscosity of water is less than most liquids at comparable temperatures true, false true 3. Phase changes, entropy and vapor pressure worksheet.
O run o o o o o o o o o 200 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900. The greater the materials internal energy, the higher the temperature of that material. Considering the definition of boiling point, plots of vapor pressure versus. Relate attractive forces to boiling points and vapor pressure. Definition of normal melting point and normal boiling point 12. The plots of pressure versus temperatures provide considerable insight into thermal properties of substances. Explain how waters phase diagram differs from most. Chapter 10 intermolecular forces 7 the phases of water 8 phase changes a solid can be converted into a liquid by heating, and to a gas by heating or reducing the pressure. Phase diagrams the relationships among the solid, liquid, and vapor gas states of a substance can be shown as a function of temperature and pressure in single diagram. See what you know about phase diagrams and what theyre used for. A phase diagram is graph showing the conditions of temperature and pressure under which a substance exists in the solid, liquid, and gas phases. Liquid water has the highest specific heat of all liquids except for nh3 true, false true 2.
How does the melting point of water change as the pressure increases. We measure this kinetic energy with a thermometer as temperature. This page contains materials for the solid solutions class session on unary phase diagrams. Phase diagrams for water and an aqueous solution are shown in. These molecules escape from the liquid phase and form a gas above the surface of the liquid. Ch1020 answers to worksheet 20 page 1 of 4 ch1020 exercises worksheet 20 vapor pressure, heatingcooling curves 1. Vapor pressure worksheet chm 123 name chapter 10 post. As a result, does water boil at a lower temperature or a higher temperature in denver. The line that connects points a and b is the vapor pressure curve of the liquid, which we discussed in section 11. Sam chapter 62028 section 2a pressureenthalpy charts and their use by.
The vapor pressure of a liquid is measure of its volatility. Freon products division introduction the refrigerant in a refrigeration system, regardless of type, is present in two different states. The two types of alloy phase diagrams that receive the most emphasis are binary two metals and ternary three metals. Phase diagram worksheet refer to the phase diagram below when answering the questions on this worksheet. Methods for estimating air emissions from chemical manufacturing facilities august 2007 final prepared for emission inventory improvement program prepared by mitchell scientific, inc. The phase change in which a substance changes from a gas into a liquid is called. At 1 atm, therefore, solid co 2 sublimes directly to the vapor while. The phase diagram of carbon illustrates how artificial diamonds are made. Westfield, nj rti international research triangle park, nc volume ii. A phase diagram gives the conditions of temperature and pressure at which a substance exists as solid, liquid, and gas vapor. As a result, does water boil at a lower temperature or a higher. Review chap 11 phase diagrams phase diagrams display the state. The colligative effects on vapor pressure, boiling point, and freezing point described in the previous section are conveniently summarized by comparing the phase diagrams for a pure liquid and a solution derived from that liquid. If i had a quantity of this substance at a pressure of 0.